2013/08/02

How to Test and Check a Capacitor on a Circuit Board / Motherboard

How to fix motherboard with symptoms of hard-living and the dead suddenly? In general, the components on the motherboard are potentially defective is a first basic components, such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and Inductors. As an integrated component kinds chipset, processor or IC (Integrated Circuit), a very rare early damage, unless there is outside interference such as lightning hit, or voltage spikes.

Capacitors on the motherboard which is damaged earliest made from bipolar capacitor types. More specifically, the electrolytic capacitors, as shown in picture below:

Physical characteristics of electrolytic capacitors damage:
At a certain time period, electrolytic capacitor will lose its main function, which stores an electrical charge, due to an imbalance of the chemical composition of the capacitor. This imbalance will ultimately produce hydrogen gas that will damage the case or container wrapper capacitors, and electrolyte will eventually seep out and degrade the performance of capacitor

The only way to overcome the damage that hard mainboard-life sudden death due to a capacitor that "leak" is replacing faulty capacitors. Here's how:

Tools required:
1. Solder with the pointy end with the end of the silver solder, or a class, a minimum of 150 W, or
2. Solder fumes,
3. Tin 60/40 or better,
4. Vacuum tin mechanical or electrical,
5. Tweezers or tweezer,
6. Ample work desk,
7. Good lighting,
8. Soldering ability,
9. Capacitors Replacement
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Working steps:

1. Heat the solder Solder and wait until the temperature reaches the optimum
2. Visual inspection of the motherboard, make sure the capacitor is problematic
Motherboard with difficult life-and-death symptoms suddenly generally damaged capacitors on the voltage regulator, and capacitor on the circuit on-off:
As an example case, I use SDRAM socket 478 motherboard as shown below:

[Image: mainboard-small.jpg? W = 468 & h = 378]
General Plan Motherboard


[Image: dsc00311.jpg? W = 468 & h = 351]
Close Up Capacitor

I assume the readers already know the visual condition is problematic capacitors (bulging capacitors on the top cover) and capacitors are still good, according to the example image at the beginning of this article.

3. Prepare capacitor replacement
After a bloated capacitors leak was confirmed, check the value of the capacitance. Capacitor capacitance value written on the capacitor body:

[Image: 250px-condensador_electrolitico_150_micr ... & h = 188]

In the example shown above, the brand is RUBYCON capacitor, capacitance of 150 uF (micro Farad 150), and a maximum voltage of 400 V. Find replacement faulty capacitor in the electronic stores with value capacitor CAPACITOR WITH RIGHT TO BE REPLACED.
Look for capacitors with the best quality you can get. Ask the seller. Usually capacitors made in Japan have the best quality.
If the desired capacitor value is not available, look for the closest, for example, capacitor 150 can be replaced with a V uF/400 uF/400 220 V. Most importantly capacitor
replacement value WILL NOT UNDER CAPACITORS REPLACED.
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Additionally, OBSERVE POLARITY CAPACITORS!
Electrolytic capacitors have polarity marked with (-) and (+), similar to a battery. Electrolytic capacitors have two legs, each for polarity (-) and (+). Like
example picture above, polarity (-) are marked with a white strip on
the capacitor body.
Watch it:
Note the polarity installation of capacitor replacement correctly. Positions (-) capacitor to the hole (-) on the motherboard, or at least equate to the initial position diganti.Kesalahan capacitor capacitor mounting position would be fatal. Minimum capacitor will leak, or explode, and will damage your motherboard!
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4. Remove the faulty capacitors.
Heat pressed tin layer capacitors on the motherboard. Make sure the heating solder point right at the foot of the capacitor to be released.

[Image: dsc00312.jpg? W = 468 & h = 351]
Bottom mainboard with solder dots

If using a soldering iron / silver, tin coating warming will take a while, because motherboards generally have a minimum of 4 ply (layer) circuit, so that the layers
tin should be thawed enough. If necessary add lead to "fishing" tin solder on the motherboard mencair.Bila using steam, in general the process will be faster. Only thing to note is long exposure to the heat from the motherboard solder fumes. If too long exposure to the heat from the soldering fumes, the motherboard can be cracked, or charred.
When the capacitor was already be removed, immediately pull the faulty capacitor to release it from the motherboard. Make sure feet are not left behind in the old capacitor capacitor holes in the motherboard.

5. Attach the new capacitor in accordance with the polarity
When capacitors long been successfully removed, clean the holes in the motherboard capacitors feet of lead. This can be done by heating the remaining tin back and suck
using a vacuum tin tin mechanical, or better using electrical tin vacuum, because the result is cleaner. I remind you back, pay attention to the correct polarity capacitor. (-) And (+) should not be confused. On the motherboard usually polarity (-) marked by strips of lead foot back putih.Tambahkan new capacitor, and make sure the lead does not stick to the points of other components. When the final results of the motherboard to be charred or browned, leave it alone, because the brown spots is heating tin.

6. Test your motherboard
This is the final stage of the experiment replacing leaking capacitors on the motherboard. If there are no other problems, usually the motherboard will fit and healthy again as usual.

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